Dilver P1 alloy actually is an alloy name from French standard. You must heard Kovar® ASTM F15 Alloy which same as Pernifer® 2918, Dilver® P1, Nilo® K, Chinese 4J29, is an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy with a CTE matched to borosilicate glass and ceramics. Typical applications are hybrid circuit casings, transistor and optoelectronic component cases and bases, electronic tubes (power, X rays...), hermetic feedthroughs, SAW filters and oscillator housings.
Fe-Ni-Co is ternary alloy three-part alloy, curie point up to 300℃. Low coefficient of expansion between -20~300℃, under the -60℃ austenite and martensite maintain the same. In the atmosphere, water and seawater has good corrosion resistance.
Cross Reference
| Russia | USA | UK | Japan | France | Germany |
| 29HK | Kovar | Nilo K | - | Dilver P0 | Vacon 12 |
| 29HK-ВИ | Rodar Teachallony Glass 29-17 | Teleaseal | - | Dilver P1 | Silvar |
The applications of Kovar® ASTM F15 Alloy
Power Tubes: The power tube market uses Kovar® Alloy for glass or ceramic-to-metal construction.The intention of these tubes is to be used as power amplifiers in applications such as radio and television transmitters, induction heating equipment and navigational aides. In communication equipment, Kovar® Alloy is found in relay links.
Microwave Tubes: These devices translate kinetic energy directly into electromagnetic energy at microwave frequencies and serve as oscillators, amplifiers and converters. With the development of microwave tubes, the following applications were made possible: radar, scatter propagation systems, electronic countermeasure equipment, navigational systems and communication links.
Integrated Circuits: Flatpack and dual-in-line packages employ the alloy structure for access to and isolation for the semiconducting chip.
KOVAR® Tube Specification
| Category | Specification | Wall Thickness Range | OD Range | Grades |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kovar® Tube | Produced to British, American, aerospace or medical standards on request | 0.05mm - 60mm | 0.2mm - 120mm | Kovar® and equivalent grades including: ASTM F15 Nilo 5 Pernifer 2918 Rodar Dilver P1 Alloy 42 Alloy 46 Alloy 52 |
Typical chemistry
| C | P | S | Mn | Si | Cu | Cr | Mo | Ni | Co | Fe |
| ≤ | ||||||||||
| 0.03 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 28.5-29.5 | 16.8-17.8 | Balance |
Physical Properties
| Specific gravity | 8.36 | |
| Density | lb/cu in | 0.302 |
| kg/cu m | 8359 | |
| Thermal conductivity | Btu-in/ft²/hr/°F | 120 |
| W/m-K | 17.3 | |
| Curie temperature | °F | 815 |
| °C | 435 | |
| Melting Point | °F | 2640 |
| °C | 1450 | |
| Modulus of elasticity | psi x 10(6) | 20 |
| MPa x 10(3) | 138 | |
| Electrical resistivity | ohm-cir mil/ft | 294 |
| microhm-mm | 490 |
Mechanical Property
| Tensile Strength | Ksi MPa | 75 518 |
| Yield Strength | Ksi MPa | 40 276 |
| Elongation | % in 2 in | 30 |
| Typical Hardness Ann | Rockwell | HRB80 |
| Modulus of Elasticity | Mpsi KMPa | 30 207 |
Average Coefficient of Linear Expansion
| Heat Treatment of the Samples | Average Coefficient of Linear Expansion | ||
| 20～300℃ | 20～400℃ | 20～450°C | |
| Heat to temperature of 900±20℃ in the hydrogen, hold for 1h; re-heat to 1100±20℃, hold for 15 min.; cooled to 200℃ at a rate less than 5℃/min | 4.6 t o 5.2 | 5.1 to 5.5 | |
Mean Coefficient of linear expansion at different temperature, ā/(10-6/K)
Size Range
| Sheet | Thickness:0.10mm~3.50mm, width: ≤300mm |
| Plate | Thickness:3.5mm~40.0mm, width: ≤500mm |
| Round wire | Thickness:0.10mm~5.0mm |
| Flat Wire | Dia 0.5mm~Dia 5.0mm, length≤1000 |
| Rod | Dia 5.0mm~Dia 8.0mm, length≤2000 |
| Dia 8.0mm~Dia 32.0mm, length≤2500 | |
| Dia 32.0mm~Dia180.0mm, length≤1000 | |
| Capillary | OD 8.0mm~1.0mm,ID 0.1~8.0 length≤2500 |
| Pipe | OD 120mm~8.0mm,ID 8.0~129 length≤4000 |
Condition: (With max tolerance) cold rolled, cold drawn, hot rolled , hot forging ,peeled turned ,bright ,bright annealed
Pictures
