Element Information
A metallic element. Niobium can absorb gases, is used as a degassing agent, and is also a good superconductor. Formerly known as "Colum". The chemical symbol Nb, atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.90638, belongs to the periodic system V.B group. In 1801, Charles Hatchett of England (Charles Hatchett) Hatchett isolated an oxide of a new element from the niobium in the British Museum's collection in London, and named the element columbium. In 1802, A.G. Örkberg of Sweden discovered another new element, tantalum, in tantalite. Since these two elements are very similar in nature, many people believe that they are the same element. Because it was so similar to tantalum, he was confused at first. In 1844, German H. Rozer studied a lot of niobium and tantalite in detail, and separated the two elements, which clarified the truth. Finally, Charles Hatchett named the element after the mythical goddess Niobe. Historically, niobium was originally referred to by the name "columbium" of the niobium mine where niobium is located. The content of niobium in the earth's crust is 0.002%, the natural reserves of niobium in the earth's crust are 5.2 million tons, and the mineable reserves are 4.4 million tons, and the main minerals are niobium, pyrochlorite and black rare gold, brown yttrium niobium, tantalite, titanium, niobium, and cerium.
Isotope
Naturally occurring niobium is made up of a stable isotope: 93Nb. As of 2003, at least 32 radioisotopes have been synthesized, with atomic weights between 81 and 113. The most stable of these is 92Nb, with a half-life of 34.7 million years, and 113Nb, one of the most unstable isotopes, with an estimated half-life of only 30 milliseconds. Isotopes lighter than 93Nb generally undergo β+ decay, while heavier isotopes undergo β-decay. Exceptions include: 81Nb, 82Nb, and 84Nb have a small amount of β slow-hair proton emission, 91Nb has electron capture and positron emission, and 92Nb has both positron (β+) and electron (β-) emission.
There are 25 known nuclides with masses ranging from 84 to 104. Of the isotopes in this mass interval, only 96Nb, 101Nb, and 103Nb do not have isomers. The most stable niobium isomer is 93 mNb with a half-life of 16.13 years, and the most stable is 84 mNb with a half-life of 103 nanoseconds. With the exception of 92m1Nb for a small amount of electron capture, all isomers decay in a homomeric transition or β decay.
Related information
Element symbol: Nb
The English name of the element: niobium
Element Type: Metallic Element
Atomic volume: 10.87cm3/mol
Elemental content in the sun: 0.004 (ppm)
Element content in seawater: 0.0000009 (ppm)
Content in the earth's crust: 20 (ppm)
Relative atomic mass: 92.90638
Atomic number: 41
Period: 5
Number of families: VB
Extranuclear electronic configuration: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d45s1 [3]
Electron Layer Configuration: 2,8,18,12,1 [3]
Crystal structure: The unit cells are body-centered cubic unit cells, and each unit cell contains 2 metal atoms.
Unit cell parameters: A = 330.04 pm, B = 330.04 pm, C = 330.04 pm, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
Valency: +5 (primary), -3, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
Mohs hardness: 6
Sound propagation rate: 3480 (m/s)
Ionization energy (kJ/mol)
M - M+ 664
M+ - M2+ 1382
M2+ - M3+ 2416
M3+ - M4+ 3695
M4+ - M5+ 4877
M5+ - M6+ 9899
M6+ - M7+ 12100